In addition to our Invasive Plant Profile for Knotweed - here is a list of resources related to invasive knotweed, its management, and other information that may be helpful for land managers, practitioners, or property owners.

This page will continually change - we will update as more resources are found, and as our website gets re-organized.

1) Guides and Identification Keys

• Key to Identification of Invasive Knotweeds in British Columbia

2) Best Management Practices and Code of Practices

• Best Management Practices for Knotweed Species - Metro Vancouver (updated 2024)
• Code of Practice; Managing Japanese Knotweed - UK Invasive Non-Native Specialists Association (2017)
• The Knotweed Code of Practice - UK Environment Agency (2013)
  • • Appendix 1: A guide to Japanese knotweed rhizome identification and excavation (pg. 39)

3) Treatment Options

• Herbicide Guidelines for Control of Knotweed Species on Crown Lands - BC Ministry of Forests, and Ministry of Transportation (2019)
• Knotweed “Bend and Treat” Method Instructions - ISCMV (2020)
• Haida Gwaii Knotweed Herbicide Treatment - Demonstration Project - BC Ministry of Forests (2013)
• Managing Japanese Knotweed and Giant Knotweed on Roadsides - PennState (2005)

4) Excavation and Knotweed-Infested Soil Movement

• Guidelines for the Excavation, Transport & Disposal of Invasive Knotweed Infested Soil - BC Ministry of Forests, BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (2024)
• Flood Mitigation - Invasive Plant Guidelines (Knotweed included) - BC Ministry of Forests (2024)

5) Research

>Knotweed Impacts

• Knotweed Impacts - Literature Review - Snohomish County (2022)
• Lavoie, C. The impact of invasive knotweed species (Reynoutria spp.) on the environment: review and research perspectives. Biol Invasions 19, 2319–2337 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1444-y
• Fennell M, Wade M, Bacon KL. Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica): an analysis of capacity to cause structural damage (compared to other plants) and typical rhizome extension. PeerJ. 2018 Jul 25;6:e5246. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5246 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6064201/

>Plant Biology, Physiology, Genetics

• Bailey J. The Japanese knotweed invasion viewed as a vast unintentional hybridisation experiment. Heredity (Edinb). 2013 Feb;110(2):105-10. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2012.98. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3554452/

>Treatment Methods

• Michelot-Antalik, A., et al., Ecological restoration combining mowing and competition limits the development of invasive Reynoutria japonica. Journal of Environmental Management. 366 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121818
• Bashtanova UB, Beckett KP, Flowers TJ. Review: Physiological Approaches to the Improvement of Chemical Control of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica). Weed Science. 2009;57(6):584-592. https://doi:10.1614/WS-09-069.1
• Jones, D., Bruce, G., Fowler, M.S. et al. Optimising physiochemical control of invasive Japanese knotweed. Biol Invasions 20, 2091–2105 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-018-1684-5

>Economic Costs

• Hocking, S., Toop, T., Jones, D. et al. Assessing the relative impacts and economic costs of Japanese knotweed management methods. Sci Rep 13, 3872 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30366-9

>Spread and Climate Change

• Demian, S., Anderson, A., Braithwaite, J. et al. Implications of extreme flooding events for dispersal of Reynoutria spp. (knotweeds) in the wake of climate change. Biol Invasions 28, 19 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-025-03740-z

6) Other Informational Articles

• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) world's 100 worst invasive species
• Maclean's - The plant that's eating BC (2015)